Prefixes
ALGA- ("containing") ex. algamamařos: iron bearing
ALTO- ("composed of") ex. altomamařos: made of iron
CAL- (multiplicative; number of times) ex. caliƞ: one time; calăt: two times
DÓ- (equivalent to -ER or -IST; when used to describe one or something that performs an action) ex. dóule: player; dóslacyll: artist
É- (negative polarity marker; for personal pronouns only) ex. éadim: I am not
HA- (genitive case; used only for countries) ex. Haitalia: Italian
HU- ("again") ex. huunveta: to do again
OŘ- (negative polarity marker) ex. ořsevunovera: I do not love
SUJO- ("make") ex. sujocirita: to make wet; sujocirimĕta: to become wet
TUM- ("completely") ex. tumikamaso: completely scared
Suffixes
-A (shortening of -ANTE) ex. valinia: of the sister/sister's
-AC (a shortening of -CTAGYN) ex. Axinoud li niqanac mul. (The cat is a smart predator.)
-ALI (ablative-comparitive case) ex. haujačiali oannanumma adim: I am taller than the girl
-ANTE (genitive case, shows posession) ex. valiniante: of the sister/sister's
-AR (subject marker; it) ex. unveđiar: it did
-ASTA (occasional mood) ex. dʒesvoasta: agreement; çăasta: performance
-AT (essive case/mood) ex. olaat: as a baby; ola adimat: when I was a baby
-AX (expectative mood) ex. sevunoveaxra: I am supposed to love
-AXIONOTO (feminine augmentative) ex. kotaxionoto: big female person; kotteaxionoto: very big female person; kotgeaxionoto: not very big female person
-BAE (initiative aspect) ex. eren naskobae: it starts to rain; eren naskođibae: it started to rain
-C (a shortening of -CTAGYN) ex. Axinoud li niqanc mul. (The cat is a smart predator.)
-CTAGYN (generic article, refers to a specific class among other classes) ex. Axinoud li niqanctagyn mul. (The cat is a smart predator.)
-ČO (locative case; only used for proper place names) ex. Kanačo ʒendara: I live in Kana
-ÇEM (neuter diminutive) ex. kotçem: little person; kotteçem: very little person; kotgeçem: not very little person
-DANA (etive case) ex. Čæk Čjldana: Jack and Jill; sevunove soreliusledana: love and conquer [affixes can be left out on the first word if they match the second]
-DAŊI (etive-dubitative) ex. Čæk Čjldaŋi: Jack and or Jill/Jack and maybe Jill
-D (a shortening of -UD) ex. kotd: a person; gaíd: a fish
-DE (past participle; shortening of -ĐIHLE) ex. célem merindirde: the destroyed tree
-DO (distancer) ex. starađido: happened a long time ago; starasido: will eventually happen
-ĐAR (a shortening of -ĐIAR) ex. sevunoveđar- it loved
-ĐȲJA (a shortening of -ĐIRA) ex. sevunoveđȳja: I loved
-ĐȲJE (a shortening of -ĐIRE) ex. sevunoveđȳje: you loved
-ĐȲJI (a shortening of -ĐIRI) ex. sevunoveđȳji: you all loved
-ĐȲJO (a shortening of -ĐIRO) ex. sevunoveđȳjo: we loved (inclusive)
-ĐȲJŎ (a shortening of -ĐIRŎ) ex. sevunoveđȳjŏ we loved (inclusive)
-ĐȲJU (a shortening of -ĐIRU) ex. sevunoveđȳju: they loved
-ƊĂ (past-future perfect progressive tense) ex. staraɗă: would have been happening
-ƊI (past-future tense) ex. staraɗi: would happen, was going to happen
-ƊU (past-future progressive tense) ex. staraɗu: would be happening
-ƊY (past-future perfect tense) ex. staraɗy: would have happened
-ĐAM (gerund) ex. Fiké ánomđam mul: advertising is important
-ĐĂ (past perfect progressive tense) ex. starađă: had been happening
-ĐI (past tense) ex. starađi: happened
-ĐU (past progressive tense) ex. starađu: was/were happening
-ĐY (past perfect tense) ex. starađy: had happened
-EM (a shortening of -LEM) ex. kotem: the person; gaíem: the fish
-ÉE (ablative-passive-agent case) ex. Zȳđmlemée verzagđimĕzo: He was cut by the man.
-ĔQ (perjorative case) ex. sevunoveĕq: undesirable love
-FO (makes an adjective a noun) ex. zekarfo: darkness (when not indicating a specific level of darkness)
-GA (optative/imprecative mood) ex. Vap qeȟum itariagazo: may he burn in hell; vato çinuče invosgare: may you have a long life
-GANNEȞE (optative-subjunctive mood) ex. ȳja sevunoveganneȟeza: If only she loved me
-GEL (habitual aspect) ex. nigelra: I usually run
-GELNEȞE (assumptive mood) ex. Xor ȳjam kagelneȟe: That must be my wife (Subject was expecting their wife to arrive).
-GERU (property reducer) ex. ovinstgeru: not very smart; ovinstgegeru: very very dumb; kotgemase: not very little person
-GI (dubitative mood) ex. Édřati zodimgi: I think he might be sick (Subject is uncertain if he is sick)
-GRÉ (weak equative case) ex. vrenakrisgré: somewhat stupidly; ȳjuđammagudgré niđizo: he ran kind of like a dog
-GINNEȞE (speculative mood) ex. Za navařaginneȟezo: He might have killed her (It is not certain who killed her)
-HAP (cessitive aspect) ex. eren naskohap: it stops raining; eren naskođihap: it stopped raining
-HLE (participle marker) ex. haujačilem ařisnuhle: the crying girl; célem merindirđihle: the destroyed tree
-HO (adjectival supine) ex. gatu sevunoveho: somebody to love; horéta opitaho zadim: she is amazing to look at
-I (adjectival noun marker; used when adjectival noun ends in a consonant) ex. halca tuximi: body wound
-I (a shortening of -IFU) ex. ȳjuđammagem agusi: did the dog attack? / did the dog attack?
-IVÁ (dative case) ex. Smjđivá efločialem mul: The money is for Smith
-IFU (interrogative mood; questions the verb) ex. ȳjuđammaglem agusifu: did the dog attack? / did the dog attack?
-KA (deliberative mood) ex. odika?: shall I go?
-KRÉ (equative case) ex. vrenakriskré: stupidly; ȳjuđammagudkré niđizo: he ran like a dog
-KUJAM (proximal demonstrative) ex. hauačikujam: this girl; mu hauačikujam: these girls
-KUN (abilitive mood) ex. odikunra: I can go; sevunovemĕkun: loveable/can be loved
-KUNNEȞE (abilitive-subjunctive mood) ex. odikunneȟera: I could go.; Navařakunneȟenymĕre!: You could have been killed!
-KÚM (distal demonstrative) ex. haujačikúm: that girl (away from both of us); mu haujačikúm: those girls (away from both of us)
-KŬM (medial demonstrative) ex. haujačikŭm: that girl (by you); mu haujačikŭm: those girls (by you)
-LAG (partitive article; "some") ex. Oívalag vepođi: Some coffee spilled.
-LE (imperative mood) ex. sevunovele: love!; sevunoveleru: let them love!: sevunovelero: let's all love; sevunovelera: let me love
-LEIF (requestive mood) ex. ȳja ŋamaleifre?: Will you marry me?
-LEM (definite article; "the") ex. kotlem: the person; gaílem: the fish
-M (a shortening of -LEM) ex. kotm: the person; gaím: the fish
-MACTO ("make") ex. cirimactota: to make wet; cirimactomĕta: to become wet
-MA (a shortening of -UMMA) ex. hélméma: sharper
-MASE (neuter augmentative) ex. kotmase: big person; kottemase: very big person; kotgemase: not very big person
-MĔ (passive voice) ex. sevunovemĕ: is loved; sevunovenymĕ: having been loved; sevunovesimĕ: is loved
-MM (estive case; used when noun ends in a vowel) ex. sevunovemm: love is
-MOS (a shortening of -UMMOS) ex. hélmémos: sharpest
-MS (a shortening of -UMMOS) ex. hélméms: sharpest
-N (adjectivial noun marker; used when adjectival noun ends in a consonant) ex. mu tañs pelekán: orphan tears
-NAR (a shortening of -NIAR) ex. sevunovenar- it loves
-NAS (negative polarity marker) ex. sevunoveranas: I do not love
-NĂ (present perfect progressive tense) ex. starană: have/has been happening
-NĂSU (semperative aspect) ex. sevunovenăsura: I have always loved and will always love (lit. I have been loving and I will be loving)
-NEV (masculine diminutive) ex. kotnev: little male person; kottenev: very little male person; kotgenev: not very little male person
-NEȞE (subjunctive mood) ex. sevunoveneȟera: that I love (in the context of an unreal or hypothetical question)
-NE (present participle; shortening of -NUHLE) ex. haujačilem ařisne: the crying girl
-NÉ (shortening of -NEȞE) ex. sevunovenéra: that I love (in the context of an unreal or hypothetical question)
-NI (present tense) ex. starani: happen/s [NOTE:The simple present can also be marked by simply leaving out affixes]
-NOTO (feminine diminutive) ex. kotnoto: little female person; kottenoto: very little female person; kotgenoto: not very little female person
-NU (present progressive tense) ex. staranu: am/is/are happening
-NY (present perfect tense) ex. starany: have/has happened
-NYÇ (present perfect participle; shortening of -NYHLE) ex. célem merindirnyç: the tree which has been destroyed
-ȠUM (laudative case) ex. pastaƞum legim!: that is good pasta! (when praising someone)
-O (shortening of -ONTU) ex. Vatolem Ppeno: Ben's life/the life of Ben
-OMS (a shortening of -UMMOS) ex. hélméoms: sharpest
-ON (necessitive mood) ex. sevunoveon: must love/I need to love
-ONTU (genitive case for a personal noun) ex. Vatolem Ppenontu: Ben's life/the life of Ben
-OROSS (oculative case) ex. Sesyljioross vrenakris novectagyn mul: to Cecily, friends are stupid; útooross novekre adim: as far as everyone knows, I am friendly
-ŎNT (weak comparative case) ex. retaŏnt: whitish
-POTA (suggestive mood) ex. odipotara: I should go; odipotare: You should go
-POTANNEȞE (suggestive-subjunctive mood) ex. odipotanneȟehre: You could go (in the context of making a suggestion).
-QA (causative mood) ex. Nogarundilem maŋiđiqara: I had the car fixed.
-QIJE (noun causer) ex. mlicaɗaqije: cause war
-RA (subject marker; I) ex. unveđira: I did
-RE (subject marker; you) ex. unveđire: you did
-RI (subject marker; you all) ex. unveđiri: you all did
-RO (subject marker; inclusive we) ex. unveđiro: we did (2nd person is part of group)
-ROO (autive case) ex. krana nonagintresroo: flight or fright; ni navernledana: run or die [affixes can be left out on the first word if they match the second]
-RŎ (subject marker; exclusive we) ex. unveđirŏ: we did (2nd person is not part of group)
-RU (subject marker; they) ex. unveđiru: they did
-SAR (a shortening of -SIAR) ex. sevunovesar: it will love
-SĂ (future perfect progressive tense) ex. starasă: will have been happening
-SI (future tense) ex. starasi: will happen
-STAM (ordinal number marker) ex. iƞstam/1stam: first
-SU (future progressive tense) ex. starasu: will be happening
-SY (future perfect tense) ex. starasy: will have happened
-SȲJA (a shortening of -SIRA) ex. sevunovesȳja: I will love
-SȲJE (a shortening of -SIRE) ex. sevunovesȳje: you will love
-SȲJI (a shortening of -SIRI) ex. sevunovesȳji: you all will love
-SȲJO (a shortening of -SIRO) ex. sevunovesȳjo: we will love (inclusive)
-SȲJŎ (a shortening of -SIRŎ) ex. sevunovesȳjŏ we will love (inclusive)
-SȲJU (a shortening of -SIRU) ex. sevunovesȳju: they will love
-TA (active infinitive) ex. sevunoveta: to love; sevunoverata: that I love
-TÁ (a shortening of -TÁGA) ex. Ian paktá: Ian wants to eat; paktáre (You want to eat)
-TÁGA (desiderative mood, shows desire) ex. Ian paktága: Ian wants to eat; paktágare (You want to eat)
-TERU (property increaser) ex. ujaloreteru: very small; ujaloreteteru: very, very small; kottemase: very big person
-TĔ (passive infinitive) ex. sevunovetĕ: to be loved
-THEN (approbative case) ex. sevunovethen: greatly desirable love
-TOK (continuative aspect) ex. sevunovetokra: I continue to love; sevunoveđitokra: I was continuing to love
-UD (indefinite article "a", "an") kotud: a person; gaíud: a fish
-UJESU (masculine augmentative): ex. kotujesu: big person; kotteujesu: very big person; kotgeujesu: not very big male person
-UL (estive case; used when noun ends in a consonant) ex. baɗul: hate is
-UMMA (comparative superlative) ex. hélméumma: sharper
-UMME (equalative) ex. erax oannanumme edim: you are as tall as me
-UMMOS (absolute superlative) ex. hélméummos: sharpest
-UN (proximalizer) ex. starađiun: just happened; starasiun: about to happen
-UNT (comparative case) ex. ȳjuđammagudunt a'hutinzo: he looks like a dog
-Ů (subject marker; God) ex. unveđiů: God did
-V (a shortening of -VUL) ex. komnaúv odamenđire: he came from the house
-VA (past habitual aspect) ex. starava: used to happen
-VARI (instrumental case) ex. eniujeřa kesívari ȳjam ȳje sevunovera: I love you with all of my heart
-VISUX (perfective aspect) ex. nivisuxra: I finish running
-VUL (ablative case) ex. komnaúvul odamenđire: he came from the house
-VU (shows the level of something) ex. xujahelosvu: height; civu: brightness (when indicating a level of brightness)
-XU (deductive mood) ex. Itariađihle coŋurlem mul, etviklem navařata noraxunyra: The food is burnt, I must have forgotten to turn off the stove.
-XUNNEȞE (potential mood) ex. odixunneȟesira: I will probably go; odixunneȟeđizo: he probably went
-ȲN (ablative-seperative case) ex. ȳju oasenȳn táneƞođire: you freed them from fear
-ZA (subject marker; she) ex. unveđiza: she did
-ZE (subject marker; gender neutral) ex. unveđize: he/she did
-ZO (subject marker; he) ex. unveđizo: he did
-ZU (interrogative case; questions the noun) ex. ȳjuđammagzu agus?: did the dog attack? (articles aren't used with the interrogative)
-ƷO (lative case) ex. komnaúʒo odamenđizo: he came to the house